What is the dosing range for SS-31?

SS-31 is typically dosed at 1mg (low), 5mg (moderate), or 10mg (high) mg, administered daily or every other day. These ranges are aggregated from preclinical research and community protocols — not medical dosing guidance.

What are the reported side effects of SS-31?

Reported side effects of SS-31 include: Injection site reactions, Nausea (rare), Generally well-tolerated in clinical trial populations.

Anti-Aging

SS-31

Also known as: Elamipretide, MTP-131, Bendavia, Szeto-Schiller peptide 31

Share:Share on Reddit

SS-31 is an investigational compound. Elamipretide is in Phase 2/3 trials for heart failure. Not approved for general use. For research and informational purposes only.

📚 Content aggregated from:2 peer-reviewed sources·r/Peptides community·PubMed / NCBI

Overview

SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeted peptide that concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane, protecting cardiolipin and restoring mitochondrial function. It is being studied for heart failure, aging, and metabolic disease. One of the most exciting longevity-adjacent peptides in current research.

Research Summary

SS-31 selectively accumulates in mitochondria and binds cardiolipin — a phospholipid critical for the electron transport chain. By stabilizing cardiolipin, SS-31 restores ATP production, reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS), and prevents mitochondrial permeability transition. Animal studies show dramatic reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction in aged tissues.

Dosing Range

low

1mg

moderate

5mg

high

10mg

Units: mg · Frequency: daily or every other day

Dosing ranges are aggregated from preclinical research and community protocols. Not medical dosing guidance.

Administration Routes

Subcutaneous injectionIntravenous (clinical trials)

Reconstitution Notes

Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water. Light-sensitive — store reconstituted solution in amber vial or wrapped in foil. Refrigerate at 2–8°C.

Step-by-step reconstitution guide →

Supplies you'll need

Insulin Syringes (U-100)Reconstitution Needles Lambda BAC Water Alcohol Prep Pads

Affiliate links — Research Stack may earn a small commission at no extra cost to you.

Reported Side Effects

Injection site reactions
Nausea (rare)
Generally well-tolerated in clinical trial populations

Research Papers

2 peer-reviewed sources

Elamipretide improves mitochondrial function in aged skeletal muscle

Aging Cell2018

SS-31 reverses mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure

Circulation: Heart Failure2013

Community Experiences

Aggregated from public forums. Anecdotal — not clinical evidence.

Longecity Forums

Longevity-focused community discussion on SS-31 mitochondrial protocols.

View original thread

Overview

SS-31 belongs to a class of Szeto-Schiller peptides designed to cross the mitochondrial membrane and target the inner membrane specifically. Unlike antioxidants that scavenge ROS after the fact, SS-31 addresses the root cause — mitochondrial dysfunction.

Cardiolipin Protection

Cardiolipin is a unique phospholipid found almost exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is essential for:

Electron transport chain efficiency
ATP synthase activity
Mitochondrial membrane integrity

As cells age, cardiolipin becomes oxidized and dysfunctional. SS-31 binds cardiolipin directly, stabilizing it and restoring electron transport efficiency.

Clinical Development

Stealth BioTherapeutics (now acquired) ran multiple Phase 2/3 trials:

PROGRESS trial: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
MMPOWER trials: Primary mitochondrial myopathy
HARP trial: Acute kidney injury

Results were mixed in late-stage trials, but mechanistic data from earlier phases remains compelling for researchers.

Research Interest

SS-31 sits at the intersection of mitochondrial biology, aging research, and cardiovascular medicine — making it one of the more scientifically rigorous peptides in current longevity-focused protocols.