NAD+
Also known as: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, NAD, NAD+ precursor
NAD+ precursors are available as dietary supplements. Injectable NAD+ is used in clinical settings. This profile is for informational purposes only.
Overview
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a coenzyme essential to cellular metabolism, DNA repair, and mitochondrial function. Levels decline with age. Research focuses on restoring NAD+ through precursors (NMN, NR) or direct IV/subcutaneous administration to support longevity and energy metabolism.
Research Summary
NAD+ is required for over 500 enzymatic reactions including those catalyzed by sirtuins (longevity-associated proteins) and PARPs (DNA repair enzymes). Rodent studies consistently show that restoring NAD+ levels reverses aspects of metabolic aging. Human trials with NAD+ precursors (NMN, NR) show improved muscle function, insulin sensitivity, and mitochondrial capacity in older adults.
Dosing Range
low
250mg
moderate
500mg
high
1000mg
Units: mg · Frequency: daily (oral precursors) or weekly/monthly (IV/SubQ)
Dosing ranges are aggregated from preclinical research and community protocols. Not medical dosing guidance.
Administration Routes
Reconstitution Notes
Injectable NAD+ is typically supplied as a lyophilized powder. Reconstitute with sterile saline. IV administration should be slow-drip — rapid infusion causes significant discomfort (chest tightness, flushing).Step-by-step reconstitution guide →
Supplies you'll need
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Reported Side Effects
- Flushing (especially IV)
- Chest tightness during rapid IV infusion
- Nausea
- Fatigue (transient, day of infusion)
- Increased energy / sleep disruption if taken late
Research Papers
2 peer-reviewed sourcesCommunity Experiences
Aggregated from public forums. Anecdotal — not clinical evidence.
Community discussion on NMN vs NR vs IV NAD+ for longevity protocols.
View original threadOverview
NAD+ is not a peptide in the traditional sense but is frequently included in peptide research protocols due to its central role in cellular energy and aging. It is a dinucleotide coenzyme found in all living cells.
Why NAD+ Declines with Age
By age 60, NAD+ levels are roughly half those of a 20-year-old. The primary culprit is increased consumption by CD38 (an enzyme that breaks down NAD+) and reduced synthesis via the salvage pathway.
Delivery Methods Compared
| Method | Bioavailability | Speed | Notes | |--------|----------------|-------|-------| | Oral NMN/NR | Moderate | Days–weeks | Most studied, most convenient | | Sublingual NMN | Higher | Hours | Less studied | | SubQ injection | High | Hours | Emerging method | | IV infusion | Highest | Immediate | Clinical setting, significant side effects if too fast |
Synergies
NAD+ protocols are commonly combined with resveratrol, pterostilbene, and sirtuin activators for broader longevity-pathway coverage.
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